Background: For improving the evaluation of male infertility, many parameters were studied and reported in earlier literature. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of sperm aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation in infertile men and to assess the correlation between sperm aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation. Methods: In this study 100 infertile men were included, cases with azoospermia were 68%, oligospermia 18%, severe oligospermia 6%, and oligoasthenoteratospermia (OAT) 8%. Ten normozoospermic men who had two normal children were included as a control. The sperm aneuploidy test by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and sperm DNA fragmentation index by TdT (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) were carried out. To determine the aneuploidy status and DNA fragmentation index, frequency was used. The correlation between sperm aneuploidy and sperm DNA fragmentation along with age was assessed by using Spearman's correlation coefficient. The p<0. 05 was considered significant. Results: The age of 100 subjects ranged between 22-48 years (35. 5± 5. 1). Sperm aneuploidy frequency and DNA fragmentation rate were found to be higher in infertile men compared to control men (n=10). There was a significant relationship between age and sex chromosomal aneuploidy (p<0. 05) and significant difference between sperm aneuploidy and damaged DNA (p<0. 05). Conclusion: FISH and TUNEL assay results showed increased sperm aneuploidy frequency, and DNA fragmentation index in infertile men compared with the fertile men. There is significant relationship observed between sperm aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation. These two parameters are important and they must be investigated for clinical practice.

Introduction: Melatonin, pineal hormone, regulates the dynamic physiological adaptations that occur in seasonally breeding mammals in response to the changes in day length. The impact of melatonin on the regulation of reproduction in humans is still questionable. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endogenous melatonin on human sperm routine parameters (motility, morphology, concentration) and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) Materials and Methods: Human semen samples were divided into 5 equal parts and assessed for melatonin and antioxidant levels. In addition, DFI was examined by sperm chromatin dispersion test.Results: Endogenous melatonin with DNA fragmentation and semen parameters (motility, morphology, concentration) was not shown any significant correlation. In addition, no correlation between seminal plasma antioxidant and above mentioned parameters was observed.Conclusion: Lack of significant correlation between antioxidant and melatonin with routine sperm parameters suggests that the semen melatonin cannot affect on the sperm parameters. This could be mainly due to the lifestyle of the patients, which might not allow the endogenous melatonin to have the essential effects on the sperm function.

Objectives: Today, sperm DNA fragmentation is considered as one of the causes of male infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in male factor infertility. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 infertile men referred to Infertility Clinic of Zahedan (Iran) in 2017. Patients were selected using simple random sampling. All sperm parameters were analyzed for the patients. The sperm DFI was determined using Halosperm test and patients were divided into two groups with low sperm DFI (≤ 30%) and high sperm DFI (>30%). Results: The mean age and sperm DFI of patients were 34. 29 ± 4. 18 years and %34. 69 ± 19. 13, respectively. From these patients, 55% had low DFI (less than 30%) and 45% had a high DFI (greater than 30%). The normal sperm morphology in the group with sperm DFI greater than 30% significantly was lower than that in the group with sperm DFI less than or equal to 30%. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated an inverse relationship between sperm DFI and sperm morphology. Conducting DFI tests to examine the anomalies and sperm DNA damage in infertile men is highly recommended.

The diagnosis of male fertility is based on microscopic assessment and analysis of sperm concentration, motility and morphology as routine indicators of human semen quality. Successful pregnancy requires a sperm with genetic integrity. Several studies have shown that male fertility is affected by sperm DNA damage. Subsequently, the assessment of DNA integrity in sperm and the study of its consequences have received considerable attention. Several clinical studies have examined the relationships between sperm DNA damage and reproductive outcomes in the context of natural and ART pregnancies. For IVF and ICSI, the true utility of sperm DNA damage assays remains to be firmly established, since the available studies are generally small, heterogeneous, with conflicting results. Current data suggest that impaired sperm DNA integrity may have the greatest effect on IUI pregnancy rates, further prospective studies are needed before testing becomes a routine part of patient management.